Liquid-heating apparatus.



H. JUNKERS.

LIQUID HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21, 1907.

1,085,341. Patented Jan. 27, 1914.

30 r zj a; 8 we 10 18 19 MMMMW 27 'Llfitneisses: 24' Inventor: ygamdw Hugo Junkers Wu perm ll. flttoli w i HUGO JUNKERS, OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, GERMANY.

LIQUID-HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 21, 1907.

Patented Jan. 27, 1914.

Serial No. 374,851.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that L-Huoo JUNKERS, professor in the Royal Polytechnicum at AiX- la-Chapellc, Germany, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at No. 64 Brabantstrasse, Aix-laCl1apelle, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid- Heating Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it up )ertains to make and use the same.

he present invention relates particularly to improvements in apparatus for heating liquids of the character disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 797,960 of August 22, 1905, and is characterized by the factthatthe water jacket or casing of that apparatus is replaced by a metal heat conducting mantle structure which is in heat-conducting connection with the liquid only throughout a small portion of its area which is occupied by a liquid-containing structure of metallic pressure-resisting channels or pipes, which are in full heat-conducting connection wit-h the mantle structure so that they receive the heat absorbed from the hot gas by the large surface area thereof which is preferably equipped with the heat absorbing plates arranged to subdivide the current of gas, as in the above-mentioned patent. The lower portion of the mantle is preferably arranged to surround the region of combustion, and to serve as a combustion chamber, while the heat-absorbing plates are arranged in the upper portion of the mantle structure and preferably in a restricted exit passage. The etlect of this construction is to greatly increase the safety and eificiency of the apparatus. since it becomes possible to give to the liquid-containing channels a good pressureresist-ing form, without making the mantle or the liquid-containing channels of heavy material, which was necessary in the abovementioned patent; and since it permits of such proportioning of the mantle surface (KPOSQtl to liquid, with respect to the mantle l1lfllle exposed to the gas, as to coincide with the best theoretical requirements.

it will he understood that the construction may be embodied in a great variety of forms, depending upon the conditions encountered In the accompanying drawings, several modifications embodying the invention are illustrated by way of example.

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a liquid heater provided with the liquid-containing channels on the outside of the mantlc, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2-2 of Fig. :2; Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a heater with the liquid-containing channels on the inside and a gas passage of tortuous form; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line li of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a heater having an outer mantle, to the inside of which the liquid channels are connected, and an inner mantle in the region of the heat-absorbing plates, the inner mantle being likewise connected to the liquid channels, and Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 66 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a heater which contains in its upper end two concentrically arran ed mantles provided with heat-absorbing p ates and between which the upper coils of the liquid channels are fastened, and Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line SS of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a vertical section of a heater wherein the liquid channels are arranged on the outside and extend vertically between two annular headers, and Fig. 10 is a section on line 10-10 of Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a front elevation of a rectangular heater with the liquid channels arranged on two of its sides, which are those of the largest area, and Fig. 12 is a horizontal section on the line 12l2 of Fig. 11.

The liquidheater shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is provided with a mantle Q, to which the pressure resisting liquid containing channels 1 are attached in the shape of a serpentine pipe, which is, throughout practically its entire length, in heat-conducting contact with the mantle. as. for instance. by soldering. Within the upper part of the mantle Q. .vhich consists of sheet metal or tubing. heatabsorbing phi 3 of the kind shown and described in my Patent No. 797.960 are arra in d to form passages for the heated gar... The Lines of the gas burner t can freely expand within the combustion chainbcr .3 and the heating gases ascend through the c n'ztracteil pa -sage which is subdivided the heat absorbing plates 3. and escape ov :11: The li uid to be heated enters the channels 1 at 7 and leaves them at 8. It will be noticed that in this case the liquidcontaining channels do not come into contact with the hot heating gases, but on the con trary the transfer of heat is entirely by absorption in the plates 3 and the mantle 2. and conduction through the mantle and the attached walls of the channels.

In the liquid heater shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the pressure-resisting liquid-containing channels 9 are secured to the inside of the mantle 10, and therefore come, in this in stance, into contact with the heating gases, but as the superficial area exposed to said heating gases is comparatively small, they can absorb but a small proportion of the heat of the gases, so that the principal absorption of heat takes place by means of the plates 11 secured to the outside of the upper end of the mantle 10, which plates may be arranged in any suitable manner. It will be observed that in this form the path of the hot gases is tortuous.

' In Figs. 5 and 6, the liquid-containingchannels 12 are secured to the inside of the mantle13, as in the apparatus of Figs. 3 and 4. In the upper part of the heater shown in Figs. 5 and 6, there is a short secondary mantle 1 L whichis in contact with the inside'of the upper coils of the channels, and carries the heat absorbing plates 15.

In Figs. 7 and 8, there is shown an arrangement similar to that of Figs. 5 and 6, excepting that in this arrangement the channels 16, which are secured on the inside of the mantle 17, are arranged closer at the upper end of the heater. To these closer windings the short mantles l8 and 19 are secured, of which the former is provided with the heat-absorbing plates 20 and the latter with the heat absorbing plates 21. By this arrangement the water-containing channels are concentrated in the region of the heat absorbing plates.

In the liquid heater shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the channels 1 of Fig. 1 are replaced by vertically arranged channels 22 which are soldered throughout their entire length to the mantle 23, and are connected at their lower and upper ends by the ring-shaped manifolds 24 and 25. Heat-absorbing plates 26, which correspond with the plates 3 of Fig. 1, are secured. to the inside of the mantle 23.

Figs. 11 and 12 show a rectangular liquid heater upon whose broader mantle-sides 27 serpentine water-containing channels 28 are arranged. Between the upper ends of the mantle-sides 27 heat absorbing plates 29 are secured.

What I claim is z 1. Apparatus for facilitating the interchange of heat between a gas and a liquid, comprising a metallic mantle structure of large surface area exposed to and capable of absorbing the heat of the gas, in combination with a liquid-containing structure of metallic channels in full heat conducting connection with the mantle structure but covering much less surface area thereof than the area exposed to the gas, whereby the relative heat transferring capacities of the gas and of the liquid are substantially accommodated, substantially as described.

2. Apparatus for facilitating the interchange of heat between a gas and a liquid, comprising a metallic mantle structure including heat absorbing plates which are arranged close together in the gas passage and divide the gas into thin layers, said plates being in full heat-conducting connection with the body of the mantle structure, and a liquid containing structure of metallic channels likewise in full heat-conducting connection with the mantle structure, but occupying much less surface area thereof than the area of the mantle structure exposed to the gas, whereby the relative heat transferring capacities of the gas and of the liquid are substantially accommodated, substantially as described.

3. Apparatus for facilitating the interchange of heat between a gas and a liquid, comprising a metallic mantle structure including heat absorbing plates which are arranged close together in the gas passage and divide the gas into thin layers, said plates being in full heat-conducting connection with the body of the mantle structure, and a liquid-containing structure of metallic channels spaced apart a greater distance than their diameters and likewise in full heatconducting connection with the mantle structure, whereby the relative heat absorbing capacities of the gas and of the liquid are substantially accommodated, substantially as described.

4. .Apparatus for facilitating the interchange of heat between a gas and a liquid, comprising a metallic mantle structure composed of several mantles and several series of heat absorbing plates arranged close together in the gas passage and dividing the gas into thin layers, said plates being in full heat-conducting connection with the mantles, and a liquid-containing structure of metallic. channels likewise in full heat conducting connection with the mantle structure, whereby the relative heat absorbing capacities of the. gas and of the liquid are substantially accommodated, substantially as described.

5. Apparatus for facilitating the interchange of heat between a gas and a liquid, comprising a metallic mantle structure including heat absorbing plates which are arranged close together in the gas passage and divide the gas into thin layers, said plates bein in full heat-conducting connection with the body of the mantle structure, and a liquid containingstructure of metallic channels likewise in full heat-conducting connection with the mantle structure but occupying a surface area thereof much less than the area exposed to the gas said channels being closer together at the region of the heat-ab- I are substantially accommodated, substan- 10 tially as' described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HUGO JUNKERS.

sorbing plates than elsewhere on the mantle Witnesses: structure, whereby the relative heat-conduct- HENRY QUADFLIEG, ing capacities of the gas and of the liquid W. G. REUTERS. 

